Pre-Diabetes Mellitus
Link is copied
Overview
Pre-Enrolment Exercise
Pilot
Care Protocols
Clinical Calculators
Lifestyle Programmes

​Last updated on 21 April 2023


Pre-diabetes is asymptomatic but predisposes individuals to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Both Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) are considered entities of pre-diabetes. Around 14% of Singaporeans have impaired glucose tolerance and without lifestyle changes, at least 35% of persons with pre-diabetes in Singapore will progress to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus within eight years1,2.

Diagnosis  is made through a combination of Fasting Plasma Glucose and two-hour Post-Challenge Plasma Glucose.


  1. Pre-DM is usually diagnosed when screening individuals for diabetes. Screening for diabetes should be considered in adults of any age who have one or more risk factors  for diabetes . 

    • In those without risk factors, testing should begin at 40 years.

    • Those between 18-39 years old can consider doing the Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (DRAT) to assess their risk of having diabetes. 

    • Those who have been found to be high risk using the DRAT assessment should undergo formal blood test screening . 

  2. Prevent or delay progression to T2DM.

  3. Prevent and screen cardiovascular disease (CVD).

  4. Aim for BMI < 23 kg/m2 (Asian population) or 5 -10% body weight loss from diagnosis.


  1. ​​Behaviour: Educate & empower with patient-centred care.

  2. Lifestyle interventions

    • Healthy plate​, reduce fat intake, avoid sugary drinks & food, reduce alcohol intake, stop smoking.
    • ≥ 150 min of moderate-intensity or ≥ 75 min of vigorous-intensity exercise/week.
    • Reduce sedentary behaviour.

  3. Regular follow-up  . ​ 

  4. Start Metformin  for those whose glycaemic status does not improve despite lifestyle intervention/ unable to adopt lifestyle intervention.​ ​


The following data fields should be documented in GPs' case notes as part of good clinical practice for all patients enrolled to their practice.

Submission of data fields marked with asterisks* is mandatory and required for subsidy claims and Healthier SG payments. 

Pre-DM Control

  1. HbA1c (%)* OR FPG (mmol/L or mg/dL)* OR OGTT (mmol/L or mg/dL)*
  2. Date*

Lipid Profile

  1. LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L or mg/dL)*
  2. HDL-cholesterol​ (mmol/L or mg/dL) 
  3. Triglycerides (mmol/L or mg/dL) 
  4. Total Cholesterol (mmol/L or mg/dL) 
  5. Date* 

Blood Pressure

  1. Systolic BP (mmHg)*
  2. Diastolic BP (mmHg)*
  3. Date*

Weight

  1. BMI (kg/m2), calculated from height*, weight*
  2. Waist Circumference (in cm)
  3. Date*

Kidney Assessment

  1. Serum creatinine (mol/L) OR eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) (for patients on Metformin)
  2. Date*

​
CHAS/PG/MG cardholders who are Healthier SG enrolees would be eligible for the Healthier SG Chronic Tier, which provides percentage-based subsidies for a whitelist of drug products sold within the MOH price caps at capped selling prices.  When making claims, GPs will need to submit the quantities and selling prices for each whitelisted drug product prescribed.